Environment-Friendly Antiviral Agents for Plants

Plant virus disease is a worldwide threat to agriculture. Environment-Friendly Antiviral Agents for Plants systematically describes the basic　theory, new ideas, and new methods to discover novel antiviral agents through research on plant immune activation. The cutting-edge research methodology, technology and progress on novel antiviral agent innovation are systematically described. With abundant illustrations and figures, the book is intended for researchers and practitioners in the fields of pesticide science, plant protection, organic chemistry, fine chemicals, applied chemistry, environment chemistry and agriculture science.

Dr. Baoan Song and Dr. Song Yang are professors at the Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, China; Mr. Linhong lin and Dr. Pinaki S. Bhadury are associate professors there.

Introduction  
1 Studies on ?-Aminophosphonates with Antiviral Activity  
1.1 Organocatalytic Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Asymmetric a-Aminophosphonates  
1.1.1 Introduction  
1.1.2 Materials and Methods  
1.1.3 Results and Discussion  
1.1.4 Conclusions  
1.2 Synthesis & Bioactivity of ?-Aminophosphonates Containing Amide Moiety  
1.2.1 Introduction  
1.2.2 Materials and Methods  
1.2.3 Results and Discussion  
1.2.4 Conclusions  
1.3 Green Synthesis & Bioactivity of ?-Aminophosphonates Containing an Alkoxyethyl Moiety  
1.3.1 Introduction  
1.3.2 Materials and Methods  
1.3.3 Results and Discussion  
1.3.4 Conclusions  
1.4 Green Synthesis & Bioactivity of Brominated ?-Aminophosphonates  
1.4.1 Introduction  
1.4.2 Materials and Methods  
1.4.3 Results and Discussion  
1.4.4 Conclusions  
1.5 Synthesis & Bioactivity of ?-Aminophosphonates Containing 
Trifluorinated Methyl Moiety  
1.5.1 Introduction  
1.5.2 Materials and Methods  
1.5.3 Results and Discussion  
1.5.4 Conclusions  
1.6 Synthesis & Bioactivity of Chiral ?-Aminophosphonates Containing Fluorine Moiety  
1.6.1 Introduction  
1.6.2 Materials and Methods  
1.6.3 Results and Discussion  
1.6.4 Conclusions  
1.7 Green Synthesis of ?-Aminophosphonates Containing Bromine and Fluorine under Ultrasonic Irradiation  
1.7.1 Introduction  
1.7.2 Materials and Methods  
1.7.3 Results and Discussion  
1.7.4 Conclusions  
1.8 Synthesis & Bioactivity of ?-Aminophosphonates Containing 
Isoxazole Moiety  
1.8.1 Introduction  
1.8.2 Materials and Methods  
1.8.3 Results and Discussion  
1.8.4 Conclusions  
1.9 Synthesis & Bioactivity of ?-Aminophosphonates Containing Benzothiazole Moiety  
1.9.1 Introduction  
1.9.2 Materials and Methods  
1.9.3 Results and Discussion  
1.9.4 Conclusions  
1.10 Chiral Separation & Bioactivity of ?-Aminophosphonates Containing Benzothiazole Moiety  
1.10.1 Introduction  
1.10.2 Materials and Methods  
1.10.3 Results and Discussion  
1.10.4 Conclusions  
1.11 Crystal Structure of O,O-Dipropyl-?-aminophosphonate Containing Benzothiazole Moiety  
1.11.1 Introduction  
1.11.2 Materials and Methods  
1.11.3 Results and Discussion  
References  
2 Synthesis, Characterization and Antiviral Activity of Cyanoacrylates and Derivatives  
2.1 Synthesis and Antivival Activity of Cyanoacrylates Containing Phosphonyl Moiety  
2.1.1 Introduction  
2.1.2 Materials and Methods  
2.1.3 Results and Discussion  
2.1.4 Conclusions  
2.2 Synthesis and Bioactivity of Cyanoacrylate Derivatives Containing Pyridine Moiety  
2.2.1 Introduction  
2.2.2 Materials and Methods  
2.2.3 Results and Discussion  
2.2.4 Conclusions  
2.3 Preparation of Chiral Cyanoarylate Derivatives under Microwave Irradiation  
2.3.1 Introduction  
2.3.2 Materials and Methods  
2.3.3 Results and Discussion  
2.3.4 Conclusions  
2.4 Preparation of Chiral Cyanoacylate Derivatives from Phenylethanamine  
2.4.1 Introduction  
2.4.2 Materials and Methods  
2.4.3 Results and Discussion  
2.4.4 Conclusions  
2.5 Preparation and Antiviral Activity of Chiral Cyanoacylate Derivatives from Aryl (Heterocyclic) Amine  
2.5.1 Introduction  
2.5.2 Materials and Methods  
2.5.3 Chemistry  
2.5.4 Antiviral Activity  
2.5.5 Discussion  
2.5.6 Conclusions  
2.6 Preparation and Antiviral Activity of Chiral Cyanoacylate Derivatives Containing ?-Aminophosphonate Moiety  
2.6.1 Introduction  
2.6.2 Materials and Methods  
2.6.3 Results and Discussion  
2.6.4 Conclusions  
2.7 Crystal Structure elucidation of Cyanoacrylates  
2.7.1 Crystal Structure of (E)-Ethyl-3-[(S)-1-phenylethylamino]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)- phenylamino]-2-cyanoacrylate  
2.7.2 Characterization of Two Chiral Isomers of (E)-Ethyl-3-[(R) or (S)-1-phenylethyl amino]-3-[4-nitrophenylamino]-2-cyanoacrylate  
References  
3 Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Chiral Thiourea Derivatives  
3.1 Chiral Thiourea Deravatives from Primary Amine and Isocyanate  
3.1.1 Introduction  
3.1.2 Materials and Methods  
3.1.3 Results and Discussion  
3.1.4 Conclusions  
3.2 Chiral Thiourea Derivatives Containing ?-Aminophosphonate Moiety  
3.2.1 Introduction  
3.2.2 Materials and Methods  
3.2.3 Results and Discussion  
3.2.4 Conclusions  
References  
4 The Heterocyclic Antiviral Agents  
4.1 Pyrazole Derivatives Containing Oxime Ester Moiety  
4.1.1 Introduction  
4.1.2 Materials and Methods  
4.1.3 Chemistry  
4.1.4 Antiviral Activity  
4.1.5 Discussion  
4.1.6 Conclusions  
4.2 Pyrazole Derivatives Containing Oxime Ether Moiety  
4.2.1 Introduction  
4.2.2 Materials and Methods  
4.2.3 Results and Discussion  
4.2.4 Conclusions  
4.3 Quinazolinone Derivatives  
4.3.1 Introduction  
4.3.2 Materials and Methods  
4.3.3 Results and Discussion  
4.3.4 Conclusions  
References  
5 Innovation and Application of Environment-Friendly Antiviral Agents for Plants  
5.1 Innovation of New Antiviral Agent Dufulin[N-[2-(4-methyl- benzothiazol)]-2-ylamino-2-fluophenyl-O,O-diethyl phosphonate]  
5.1.1 Product Chemistry  
5.1.2 Formulation of Dufulin  
5.1.3 Optimization of Synthetic Conditions in Lab Scale and Pilot Scale  
5.1.4 Toxicology Test  
5.1.5 Field Trials  
5.1.6 Pesticide Residue  
5.1.7 Environmental toxicology  
5.1.8 Mode of Action  
References  
5.1.9 Photolysis and Hydrolysis  
5.1.10 Systemic Behaviors  
References  
5.2 GU188, -Cyanoacrylate Derivative, Candidate Antiviral Agent  
5.2.1 Synthesis  
5.2.2 Analytical Method  
5.2.3 Bioassays and Field Trials  
5.2.4 Toxicological Test  
5.2.5 Action Mechanism  
5.3 Studies on the Development of Novel Amino-oligosaccharide  
5.3.1 Introduction  
5.3.2 Anti-TMV and Mechanism of Action  
5.3.3 Industrialization  
Index